Proximate cause in insurance pdf
PDF Some have seen the doctrine of proximate cause as an especially incoherent feature of negligence law. This Article demonstrates that the doctrine is far …
proximate cause was the second component of legal cause;3 and statements that legal cause was the second component of proximate cause. 4 Compounding this confusion was the indiscriminate 5 …
A Farmer’s Duty to Be Careful 1 National safety statistics show that farm work is dangerous. A careless act by the farm operator may result in serious injury to a hired hand, a neighbor or other person. This chapter attempts a very summary description of some of the important aspects of the law of negligence which apply in such a case. The law of negligence is part of the law of torts. The
property insurance coverage cases has been the efficient proximate cause (“EPC”) doctrine. 8 Under this doctrine, recovery is generally permitted “for a loss …
Doctrine of Proximate Cause. Properties are exposed to various perils like fire, earthquake, explosion, perils of sea, war, riot and so on and every event is the effect of some cause.
Better Understanding Efficient Proximate Cause in California Insurance Claims by William A. Daniels www.DANIELSLAW.com Sherman Oaks, CA A. Introduction.
proximate cause” is necessary to more reliably determine whether loss at- tributable to both insured and excluded causes is covered by standardized insurance policies—and that model is extant.
PJC 3.2 Sole Proximate Cause There may be more than one proximate cause of an [occurrence] [injury] [occurrence or injury], but if an act or omission of any person not a party to the
Causa Proxima Proximate Cause Insurance Scribd
https://www.youtube.com/embed/aAc4vbJBNtI
The Enigma of Causation in Insurance Contract Interpretation
2010] Confusion About Causation in Insurance 959 VI. T because causation drives insurance coverage. The cause of the loss triggers insurance policy coverage clauses and exclusion clauses. An insurance policy can provide coverage for losses caused by “fire” or “wind” or can exclude coverage for losses caused by “flood” or by “in-tentional acts” of the policyholder. Thus
The Enigma of Causation in Insurance Contract Interpretation Insurance policies are long, convoluted, and abstruse documents. Three unruly doctrines—proximate cause, concurrent cause, and efficient proximate cause—cause an inordinate amount of litigation.
The efficient proximate cause doctrine does not, itself, establish whether a particular loss is covered because an assessment of the cause of a loss – which is integral to a determination of coverage – is a question of fact, not of law and, in litigation, something for a jury and not a court to decide.
The rule is “causa proxima non remota spectatur” i.e., the proximate or immediate and not the remote cause is to looked to. This is a principle of insurance laying that the insurer is liable only for those losses which have been
Insurance Project Final – Download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online.
Two factors determine whether a defendant can be held liable in a personal injury lawsuit: actual cause and proximate cause. Actual cause, also known as cause-in-fact, is when the defendant’s actions directly lead to the injury.
Insurance Code section 530 codifies the “efficient proximate cause doctrine” in resolving first party insurance disputes involving multiple risks or perils, some of which are covered, others of which are not. That section provides for an analysis of which peril was the “proximate” cause of the loss – if it is covered, there is coverage. If that peril is not covered, there is no
It noted that the dishonest act “did not need to be the direct or proximate cause of the civil liability, and it need not precede the liability in time” (para 29). However, “in connection with” does demand some causal or consequential relationship between the two things in this setting” (para 29).
Proximate cause is the primary cause of an injury. It is not necessarily the closest cause in time or space nor the first event that sets in motion a sequence of events leading to an injury. Proximate cause produces particular, foreseeable consequences without the intervention of any independent or unforeseeable cause. It is also known as legal cause.
“proximate and efficient cause of the loss.” This efficient proximate cause theory was the This efficient proximate cause theory was the prevailing law in Florida until the Third District’s decision in Wallach v.
the leading case on proximate cause, Leyland Shipping v. Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society Ltd (1918), where it is necessary to describe the events which led up to the sinking of a ship in order to understand the case fully.
Dumas but it was not the proximate cause, that was the earlier act of scuttling which, in all the circumstances led inevitably to the loss. Equally in Sassoon , there was a peril of the sea but the proximate cause was the previous condition of the hull.
Proximate Cause Contribution TYPES OF POLICIES Broadly, various engineering policies can be classified as follows: 1. Construction Phase Insurance ( Project Policies). These are one time policies issued for entire project period irrespective of whether the project period irrespective of whether the project period is a few days or a few years: I. Contractor’s All Risk Insurance (CAR) II
Proximate Cause is a legal term that refers to an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable personal injury to be held the cause of that personal injury. California uses two types of causation in the law, cause-in-fact and proximate (or legal) cause (foreseeability) .
Proximate cause – the English law approach •Causation ought to be a straightforward factual enquiry Historic : “How does the Court decide whether the breach of duty was the
Insurable Interest – Indemnity – Uberrimae fidei – Proximate Cause – Subrogation and Contribution – Differentiation Insurance and Guarantee – Insurance and Wager – Disclosure – Moral Hazards 3.
The proximate cause is the efficient cause, the one that necessarily sets the other causes in operation. The causes that are merely incidental or instruments of a superior or controlling agency are not the proximate causes and the responsible ones, though they may be nearer in time to the result.
A CONCURRENT MESS AND A CALL FOR CLARITY IN FIRST-PARTY PROPERTY INSURANCE COVERAGE ANALYSIS MARK M. BELL* *** This article clearly and …
https://www.youtube.com/embed/v8rO2gTzAUI
CAUSATION ISSUES IN INSURANCE POLICIES HURRICANE KATRINA
WHAT IS A CAUSE OF ACTION? and sue after judgment has been obtained in a former action, (4) upon a demurrer for misjoinder of causes University of California, Berkeley Piedmont – Berkeley, California
Insurance Co.,1 the element of causation in insurance law, particularly in the context of insuring provisions, revolved largely around the concept of proximate cause, meaning the effective and
Active, direct, and efficient cause of loss in insurance that sets in motion an unbroken chain of events which bring about damage, destruction, or injury without the intervention of a new and independent force.
The proximate cause, whether an event covered by a policy (“peril”) or an event excluded from a policy (“exception”), “is the dominant or effective or operative cause.”
definition of proximate cause to the effect that it is the ^Active, direct, and efficient cause of loss in insurance that sets in motion an unbroken chain of events which bring about damage, destruction, or injury without the intervention of a new and independent force.
3. Proximate cause An insurance policy will define the perils or insured events that cover is provided for. For example, a building insurance policy will
Causation is the “causal relationship between the defendant’s conduct and end result”. In other words, causation provides a means of connecting conduct with a resulting effect, typically an injury.In contrast, “’proximate cause’ refers to ‘legal cause’ to which the Court has assigned liability.” The Court acknowledged that “but for BSI’s machine coming into contact with the live cable, the explosion would not have occurred and the employee would not have fallen or been injured,” but “that triggering act was not the proximate cause of the employee’s injuries.” As
Cases; 00012178.WPD 2 It is important to note that these efficient proximate cause cases were either prior to 1983 when insurers began including ACC language in …
Business Interruption Insurance itcs S0111570709v1 150520 3.8.2005 Page 2 losses insured under the policy are “sufficiently proximate”. In some cases there may be two or
proximate cause of the [alleged] [injury] [death] [property damage]. The plaintiff’s contributory negligence, if any, which is 50% or less of the total proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery is sought, does not bar his recovery.
In the law, a proximate cause is an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable injury to be held to be the cause of that injury. There are two types of causation in the law: cause-in-fact, and proximate (or legal) cause.
Proximate cause is a key principle of Insurance and is concerned with how the loss or damage actually occurred. There are several competing theories of proximate cause (see #Other factors ). For an act to be deemed to cause a harm, both tests must be met; proximate cause is a legal limitation on cause …
insurance law proximate cause by dickson6chumah Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Proximate Cause in life insurance. The efficient or effective, cause which causes the loss is called proximate cause, it is the real actual cause of loss. If the cause of loss (peril) is insured, the insurer will pay, otherwise, the insurer will not compensate. In life insurance, the doctrine of Causa Proximo (Proximate Cause) is not applied because the insurer is bound to pay the amount of
The efficient proximate cause rule applies when two or more perils combine in sequence to cause a loss and a covered peril is the predominant or efficient cause of the loss. In that event, the loss is a covered loss. The opposite proposition is not true. When an excluded peril sets in motion a causal chain that includes covered perils, the efficient proximate cause rule does not mandate
Causation (law) Wikipedia
Shipping January 2014 MARINE INSURANCE BULLETIN Welcome to the January edition of our Marine Insurance Bulletin. In this edition, we consider the implications of the recent English Supreme Court decision in the
anti-concurrent causation clauses in michigan This Special Report was written by Daniel P. Hale, J.D., CPCU, ARM, CRM, LIC, AIC, AIS, API. Mr. Hale is Vice President of Cambridge Property & Casualty and an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of Michigan.
3 28. The question of whether insurance applies to a loss should not depend on metaphysical debates as to which of various causes contributing to the accident was proximate.
‘Proximate Cause’ is defined as “The active, efficient cause that sets in motion a chain of events, which brings about a result, without the intervention of any new or independent force” Life itself is full of events, sometimes occurring independently of each other or as a result of another. The principle, proximate cause identifies for insurance purposes, which event is the probable
Coverage Issues The underwriters’ primary case with regard to coverage was that the proximate cause of the ingress and the damage to the engine was crew negligence in terms of the failure to drain the
It is a fundamental rule of insurance law that, subject to the terms of the contract of insurance, the insurer is liable only for losses proximately caused by the events
^concurrent cause _ rule in property insurance cases, and second, they argued that the damage to the materials below or behind the defective materials was a covered ^ensuing loss. Causation
Does the efficient proximate cause rule serve to afford coverage for the additional costs to rebuild the foundation of a home in compliance with changed building code requirements beyond the sublimit of liability of an optional building ordinance or law endorsement?
Business Interruption Insurance Allens
Doctrine of Proximate Cause Proximate Cause Insurance
Marine Insurance: The Doctrine of Proximate Cause and Insurance against War Risks at Sea. By the Hon. MrJustice Wright. London: The Solicitors’ Law Stationery Society, Ltd.1927. (Price 2s. 6d.) – Volume 3 Issue 2 – W. L. M.
Under California insurance law, the exclusions are not enforceable if the facts establish that the wildfire, which is a covered peril, was the “efficient proximate cause” of the subsequent flowing, mudflow, debris flow, mudslide, landslide, or other similar events.
1.2 Proximate Cause ‘The active, efficient cause that set in motion a train of events, which brings about a result, without the intervention of any force started and working actively from a new and independent source [ 15 ] ’, Pawsey v.
UK Supreme Court determines proximate cause of loss under marine insurance policy on cargo: perils of the seas or inherent vice, question of fact based on commonsense principles
The Supreme Court has confirmed, in the recent judgment of Navigators v Atlasnavios that findings of concurrent proximate causes are still possible thereby reinforcing the importance of policy exclusions.
When the proximate cause is the cyber event Two recent court decisions reinforce the notion that when policies refer to coverage for losses that are directly related to a …
dictions employ the doctrine of efficient proximate cause. In these states, coverage is afforded if the predominant cause of the loss is a covered cause of loss.
Applying Proximate Cause And Ensuing Loss Principles
Proximate definition of proximate by The Free Dictionary
The Second District Court of Appeals had applied the proximate or efficient cause doctrine, under which a loss is covered under a policy only if the primary cause of loss is a covered peril.
The question of what is the proximate, or dominant cause of a loss is one that has been the cause of the loss of many trees over the years with so many articles, judgements and insurance assessments being written on large volumes of paper.
15.01 Proximate Cause–Definition When I use the expression “proximate cause,” I mean a cause that, in the natural or ordinary course of events, produced the plaintiff’s injury.
Under this doctrine, if the initial event in a causal chain, the “efficient proximate cause,” is a covered peril, then there is coverage, even if subsequent events within the chain of causation are excluded by the policy, as long as the covered peril is the predominant cause of the loss.
C. Proximate Cause Standard If an injury is the natural and probable consequence of a negligent act and it is such as should have been foreseen in the light of all the attending circumstances,
3 Carters argue that since the policy specifically did not exclude the contractor’s negligence, the efficient proximate cause of the loss, the insurance company was obligated to provide coverage
Proximate cause is a key principle of insurance and is concerned with how the loss or damage actually occurred and whether it is indeed as a result of an insured peril. This section provides a definition of proximate cause and explains how it should be
2 / JOURNAL OF INSURANCE COVERAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EFFICIENT PROXIMATE CAUSE DOCTRINE Since 1872, California has had on its books two-and at times conflicting-statutes
Proximate cause ipfs.io
proximate cause, all causes preceding the proximate cause being rejected as too remote. The doctrine of proximate cause, which is common to all branches of insurance, must be applied with good sense so as to give effect to and not to defeat the intention. small business applying new pos report pdf
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Proximate cause legal definition of proximate cause
Concurrent Causation versus Efficient Proximate Cause
Anti-Concurrent Causation Clauses In Michigan
Proximate Cause in California Berkeley Law Research
Concurrent Proximate Cause The Energy Platform Clyde
https://www.youtube.com/embed/ftkU9u4P3t4
SERIAL AND INDEPENDENTCONCURRENT CAUSES ININSURANCE LAW
THE PRINCIPLES OF INSURANCE PROXIMATE CAUSE
W. Harry Thurlow Richard W. Norman CMLA
In the law, a proximate cause is an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable injury to be held to be the cause of that injury. There are two types of causation in the law: cause-in-fact, and proximate (or legal) cause.
2010] Confusion About Causation in Insurance 959 VI. T because causation drives insurance coverage. The cause of the loss triggers insurance policy coverage clauses and exclusion clauses. An insurance policy can provide coverage for losses caused by “fire” or “wind” or can exclude coverage for losses caused by “flood” or by “in-tentional acts” of the policyholder. Thus
Cases; 00012178.WPD 2 It is important to note that these efficient proximate cause cases were either prior to 1983 when insurers began including ACC language in …
Proximate cause is the primary cause of an injury. It is not necessarily the closest cause in time or space nor the first event that sets in motion a sequence of events leading to an injury. Proximate cause produces particular, foreseeable consequences without the intervention of any independent or unforeseeable cause. It is also known as legal cause.
3 Carters argue that since the policy specifically did not exclude the contractor’s negligence, the efficient proximate cause of the loss, the insurance company was obligated to provide coverage
Dumas but it was not the proximate cause, that was the earlier act of scuttling which, in all the circumstances led inevitably to the loss. Equally in Sassoon , there was a peril of the sea but the proximate cause was the previous condition of the hull.
It noted that the dishonest act “did not need to be the direct or proximate cause of the civil liability, and it need not precede the liability in time” (para 29). However, “in connection with” does demand some causal or consequential relationship between the two things in this setting” (para 29).
Proximate cause – the English law approach •Causation ought to be a straightforward factual enquiry Historic : “How does the Court decide whether the breach of duty was the
PDF Some have seen the doctrine of proximate cause as an especially incoherent feature of negligence law. This Article demonstrates that the doctrine is far …
proximate cause was the second component of legal cause;3 and statements that legal cause was the second component of proximate cause. 4 Compounding this confusion was the indiscriminate 5 …
The Supreme Court has confirmed, in the recent judgment of Navigators v Atlasnavios that findings of concurrent proximate causes are still possible thereby reinforcing the importance of policy exclusions.
Florida Supreme Court Rejects Efficient Proximate Cause
know how the coverage issue should be resolved. Unfortu-
Insurable Interest – Indemnity – Uberrimae fidei – Proximate Cause – Subrogation and Contribution – Differentiation Insurance and Guarantee – Insurance and Wager – Disclosure – Moral Hazards 3.
1.2 Proximate Cause ‘The active, efficient cause that set in motion a train of events, which brings about a result, without the intervention of any force started and working actively from a new and independent source [ 15 ] ’, Pawsey v.
Causation is the “causal relationship between the defendant’s conduct and end result”. In other words, causation provides a means of connecting conduct with a resulting effect, typically an injury.
Proximate Cause Contribution TYPES OF POLICIES Broadly, various engineering policies can be classified as follows: 1. Construction Phase Insurance ( Project Policies). These are one time policies issued for entire project period irrespective of whether the project period irrespective of whether the project period is a few days or a few years: I. Contractor’s All Risk Insurance (CAR) II
dictions employ the doctrine of efficient proximate cause. In these states, coverage is afforded if the predominant cause of the loss is a covered cause of loss.
proximate cause was the second component of legal cause;3 and statements that legal cause was the second component of proximate cause. 4 Compounding this confusion was the indiscriminate 5 …
Proximate Cause is a legal term that refers to an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable personal injury to be held the cause of that personal injury. California uses two types of causation in the law, cause-in-fact and proximate (or legal) cause (foreseeability) .
The Enigma of Causation in Insurance Contract Interpretation
Efficient Proximate Cause Is California Headed for a
Proximate cause is a key principle of insurance and is concerned with how the loss or damage actually occurred and whether it is indeed as a result of an insured peril. This section provides a definition of proximate cause and explains how it should be
In contrast, “’proximate cause’ refers to ‘legal cause’ to which the Court has assigned liability.” The Court acknowledged that “but for BSI’s machine coming into contact with the live cable, the explosion would not have occurred and the employee would not have fallen or been injured,” but “that triggering act was not the proximate cause of the employee’s injuries.” As
When the proximate cause is the cyber event Two recent court decisions reinforce the notion that when policies refer to coverage for losses that are directly related to a …
The Enigma of Causation in Insurance Contract Interpretation Insurance policies are long, convoluted, and abstruse documents. Three unruly doctrines—proximate cause, concurrent cause, and efficient proximate cause—cause an inordinate amount of litigation.
Two factors determine whether a defendant can be held liable in a personal injury lawsuit: actual cause and proximate cause. Actual cause, also known as cause-in-fact, is when the defendant’s actions directly lead to the injury.
‘Proximate Cause’ is defined as “The active, efficient cause that sets in motion a chain of events, which brings about a result, without the intervention of any new or independent force” Life itself is full of events, sometimes occurring independently of each other or as a result of another. The principle, proximate cause identifies for insurance purposes, which event is the probable
It is a fundamental rule of insurance law that, subject to the terms of the contract of insurance, the insurer is liable only for losses proximately caused by the events
The Second District Court of Appeals had applied the proximate or efficient cause doctrine, under which a loss is covered under a policy only if the primary cause of loss is a covered peril.
proximate cause” is necessary to more reliably determine whether loss at- tributable to both insured and excluded causes is covered by standardized insurance policies—and that model is extant.
15.01 Proximate Cause–Definition When I use the expression “proximate cause,” I mean a cause that, in the natural or ordinary course of events, produced the plaintiff’s injury.
Proximate Cause is a legal term that refers to an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable personal injury to be held the cause of that personal injury. California uses two types of causation in the law, cause-in-fact and proximate (or legal) cause (foreseeability) .
proximate cause of the [alleged] [injury] [death] [property damage]. The plaintiff’s contributory negligence, if any, which is 50% or less of the total proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery is sought, does not bar his recovery.
COVERAGE OF FLOOD MUDSLIDE AND EARTH MOVEMENT
INSURANCE & REINSURANCE “PERILS OF THE SEAS” AND
Proximate Cause Contribution TYPES OF POLICIES Broadly, various engineering policies can be classified as follows: 1. Construction Phase Insurance ( Project Policies). These are one time policies issued for entire project period irrespective of whether the project period irrespective of whether the project period is a few days or a few years: I. Contractor’s All Risk Insurance (CAR) II
Proximate cause – the English law approach •Causation ought to be a straightforward factual enquiry Historic : “How does the Court decide whether the breach of duty was the
The proximate cause is the efficient cause, the one that necessarily sets the other causes in operation. The causes that are merely incidental or instruments of a superior or controlling agency are not the proximate causes and the responsible ones, though they may be nearer in time to the result.
Insurance Project Final – Download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online.
Causation is the “causal relationship between the defendant’s conduct and end result”. In other words, causation provides a means of connecting conduct with a resulting effect, typically an injury.
Insurance Code section 530 codifies the “efficient proximate cause doctrine” in resolving first party insurance disputes involving multiple risks or perils, some of which are covered, others of which are not. That section provides for an analysis of which peril was the “proximate” cause of the loss – if it is covered, there is coverage. If that peril is not covered, there is no
The Enigma of Causation in Insurance Contract Interpretation Insurance policies are long, convoluted, and abstruse documents. Three unruly doctrines—proximate cause, concurrent cause, and efficient proximate cause—cause an inordinate amount of litigation.
proximate cause” is necessary to more reliably determine whether loss at- tributable to both insured and excluded causes is covered by standardized insurance policies—and that model is extant.
Proximate cause is a key principle of insurance and is concerned with how the loss or damage actually occurred and whether it is indeed as a result of an insured peril. This section provides a definition of proximate cause and explains how it should be
proximate cause was the second component of legal cause;3 and statements that legal cause was the second component of proximate cause. 4 Compounding this confusion was the indiscriminate 5 …
Proximate definition of proximate by The Free Dictionary
15.00 PROXIMATE CAUSE 15.01 Proximate Cause–Definition
Proximate Cause Contribution TYPES OF POLICIES Broadly, various engineering policies can be classified as follows: 1. Construction Phase Insurance ( Project Policies). These are one time policies issued for entire project period irrespective of whether the project period irrespective of whether the project period is a few days or a few years: I. Contractor’s All Risk Insurance (CAR) II
3. Proximate cause An insurance policy will define the perils or insured events that cover is provided for. For example, a building insurance policy will
Proximate Cause is a legal term that refers to an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable personal injury to be held the cause of that personal injury. California uses two types of causation in the law, cause-in-fact and proximate (or legal) cause (foreseeability) .
In the law, a proximate cause is an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable injury to be held to be the cause of that injury. There are two types of causation in the law: cause-in-fact, and proximate (or legal) cause.
Under this doctrine, if the initial event in a causal chain, the “efficient proximate cause,” is a covered peril, then there is coverage, even if subsequent events within the chain of causation are excluded by the policy, as long as the covered peril is the predominant cause of the loss.
COVERAGE OF FLOOD MUDSLIDE AND EARTH MOVEMENT
Proximate Cause in California Berkeley Law Research
anti-concurrent causation clauses in michigan This Special Report was written by Daniel P. Hale, J.D., CPCU, ARM, CRM, LIC, AIC, AIS, API. Mr. Hale is Vice President of Cambridge Property & Casualty and an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of Michigan.
In the law, a proximate cause is an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable injury to be held to be the cause of that injury. There are two types of causation in the law: cause-in-fact, and proximate (or legal) cause.
property insurance coverage cases has been the efficient proximate cause (“EPC”) doctrine. 8 Under this doctrine, recovery is generally permitted “for a loss …
proximate cause” is necessary to more reliably determine whether loss at- tributable to both insured and excluded causes is covered by standardized insurance policies—and that model is extant.
Business Interruption Insurance itcs S0111570709v1 150520 3.8.2005 Page 2 losses insured under the policy are “sufficiently proximate”. In some cases there may be two or
PJC 3.2 Sole Proximate Cause There may be more than one proximate cause of an [occurrence] [injury] [occurrence or injury], but if an act or omission of any person not a party to the
PDF Some have seen the doctrine of proximate cause as an especially incoherent feature of negligence law. This Article demonstrates that the doctrine is far …
Proximate Cause in life insurance. The efficient or effective, cause which causes the loss is called proximate cause, it is the real actual cause of loss. If the cause of loss (peril) is insured, the insurer will pay, otherwise, the insurer will not compensate. In life insurance, the doctrine of Causa Proximo (Proximate Cause) is not applied because the insurer is bound to pay the amount of
C. Proximate Cause Standard If an injury is the natural and probable consequence of a negligent act and it is such as should have been foreseen in the light of all the attending circumstances,
Cases; 00012178.WPD 2 It is important to note that these efficient proximate cause cases were either prior to 1983 when insurers began including ACC language in …
WHAT IS A CAUSE OF ACTION? and sue after judgment has been obtained in a former action, (4) upon a demurrer for misjoinder of causes University of California, Berkeley Piedmont – Berkeley, California
insurance law proximate cause by dickson6chumah Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Marine Insurance: The Doctrine of Proximate Cause and Insurance against War Risks at Sea. By the Hon. MrJustice Wright. London: The Solicitors’ Law Stationery Society, Ltd.1927. (Price 2s. 6d.) – Volume 3 Issue 2 – W. L. M.
Insurable Interest – Indemnity – Uberrimae fidei – Proximate Cause – Subrogation and Contribution – Differentiation Insurance and Guarantee – Insurance and Wager – Disclosure – Moral Hazards 3.
1.2 Proximate Cause ‘The active, efficient cause that set in motion a train of events, which brings about a result, without the intervention of any force started and working actively from a new and independent source [ 15 ] ’, Pawsey v.